Project Feasibility Study Free Essays

BREAKFAST: Brunch Egg Breakfast Recipe Ingredients: 6 eggs, beaten 6 cuts bacon, cooked and disintegrated 2 cups unseasoned bread garnishes 1/2 cup destroyed cheddar 2 1/2 cups milk 1/2 teaspoon mustard 1/8 teaspoon onion powder 1/2 teaspoon salt 1 scramble pepper Directions: 1. Spot bread garnishes and cheddar in the base of a lubed 9ãâ€"13 skillet. 2. We will compose a custom article test on Task Feasibility Study or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Consolidate eggs, milk and seasonings; fill heating dish. 3. Sprinkle with bacon. 4. Heat at 325 until set (55-65 min). Serve right away. Hamburger TAPA AND LONGGANISA Ingredients: Skinless Longanisa/Longanisa Nuggets 350g ground pork tbsp soy sauce 1/2 tsp salt 5 cloves garlic, crushed and minced 1 tbsp vinegar 1 tbsp Mirin (sweet rice wine) (discretionary, or Worshteshire sauce) 1 tsp ground pepper 2 tbsp sugar Procedure: 1. Blend all fixings 2. Scoop a blend utilizing a tbsp, put it into the wax paper/stick wrap and roll the wrap and shape it like a hotdog, smaller than expected frankfurter. The wrap will fill in as a the longanisa spread and to isolate one from the other, and it ought to be expelled before searing. Or on the other hand on the off chance that you need to eat it promptly, scoop a blend, formed it like a frankfurter or any shape you need, at that point fry them. . Store longanisa in the cooler (2 to 3 days), when you need to eat them, heat up a little water (4 tbsp) and put your longanisa (opened up) , spread it for 5 mins, evacuate longanisa and fry them. present with garlic-stew vinegar. Somewhat consumed outwardly won’t hurt, it’s increasingly yummy.. LUNCH: CHICKEN DRUMMETS Ingredients: 10 pieces chicken drumsticks 1/2 cup garlic farm dressing 1/4 cups breadcrumbs 1 (8-gram) pack Maggi Magic Sarap All-in-One Seasoning Procedure: 1 Toss and coat drumsticks with garlic farm dressing. Chill in the cooler for 30 minutes. In an enormous bowl, combine breadcrumbs with Maggi Magic Sarap All-in-One Seasoning. Roll every drumstick in breadcrumb-flavoring blend until all around covered. 3 Deep-fry drumsticks in hot oil until brilliant and cooked through. Coco nutty Shrimps Ingredients: 1/4 kilo enormous shrimps (around 2 handfuls) 1/2 cup dessicated coconut 3/4 cup garlic peanuts 1/3 cup flour 1 egg, delicately beaten 1 tablespoon lime juice salt and pepper to taste lime wedges for crushing Procedure: 1 Devein and strip shrimps leaving tail unblemished. 2 Pat dry shrimps utilizing a napkin. Move to a plate. Daintily sprinkle with salt and pepper. Utilizing a food processor, process together coconut and peanuts until finely hacked. 4 Place flour in a bowl and season with salt and pepper. In another bowl, join egg and lime juice. In a third bowl, place prepared coconut and peanuts. 5 Dip shrimps each in turn first in flour blend, second in egg and lime blend, at that point in coconut-nut blend. 6 Deep-fry in hot oil until brilliant; around 3 minutes. Present with lime wedges. Supper: Ingredients: 3 lb entire chicken legs; drumsticks and thighs 3/4 cup refined white vinegar 2 garlic cloves; squashed 1 inlet leaf 1/4 teaspoon ground dark pepper 6 tablespoons soy sauce Technique: In a huge pot join the chicken, the vinegar, the garlic, the narrows leaf, the pepper and 1/2 cup water. Heat the blend to the point of boiling and stew it, secured, for 20 minutes. Include the soy sauce and stew the blend, secured, for 20 minutes. Move the chicken with tongs to a stove evidence platter and dispose of the external skin. Spot platter in stove and barbecue the two sides for around 15 minutes until cooked. Strain the stock through a sifter, return it to the pot and bubble for 10 minutes or until it is diminished to around 1/2 cup Remove chicken from the broiler, pour the sauce over it and present with rice. Bistek Filipino Style Beef Steak Ingredients________________________________________ †¢400grams of meat filet, daintily cut †¢75ml light soy sauce †¢75ml dim soy saucet †¢250ml water †¢juice of 1 lemon †¢2 tablespoons of vegetable oil †¢1 enormous onion, cut in rings How to make it ________________________________________ †¢In a dish include the hamburger, alongside the soy sauces, water and lemon juice. Bring to the bubble and let it stew for around 10-15 mins until the meat is delicate. Taste the sauce. On the off chance that it’s excessively acrid, include more soy sauce or if excessively salty, include more lemon juice. It ought to be an equalization of sharpness and saltiness. †¢Once delicate, expel the fluid to a bowl and leave aside. Give any staying fluid access the skillet vanish off then include the oil. Tenderly fry the hamburger for several minutes at that point include the onions. Cook till the onions are translucent and still have a little crunch. Include back the fluid and let stew for an additional 2 minutes. †¢Serve with steam rice. Pastry Creme Brulee You can plan and eat this with no guarantees, or make it a touch all the more intriguing with products of the soil chocolates. Makes 6 to 8 cups Prep and Cooking Time 45 minutes 2 cups cream vanilla bean, split the long way 6 egg yolks 1/4 cup white sugar 1/4 cup confectioners’ or powdered sugar 1 Preheat broiler to 160? C. 2 In a substantial pan, heat the cream to the point of boiling along with the vanilla bean. 3 In a huge bowl, beat together egg yolks and sugar until light yellow in shading. 4 Set aside vanilla bean a nd pour the bubbling cream to the yolk-sugar blend. Blend well. 5 With the tip of a paring blade, scratch the internal parts of the vanilla bean. Add scrapings to the cream and dispose of the unit. 6 At this point, you can add natural products or hacked chocolate to every ramekin or broiler evidence cup as wanted. Fill the form with the custard blend until a large portion of a centimeter from the edge. 7 Line the base of a shallow preparing plate (around 2 inches high) with a dishcloth. Spot ramekins on the plate and fill the plate most of the way with water. 8 Bake in the broiler for 15 to 20 minutes. Let cool, at that point chill in the fridge. 9 Before serving, dust the top with a slender layer of icing sugar. Caramelize the sugar utilizing a gas burn or a stove oven until you accomplish a fresh, dim earthy colored coat. Prepared RECIPES Shrimp-Stuffed Zucchini Flowers (Fiori Di Zucca Ripieni Con Gamberi) Ingredients ounces (226 g) huge shrimp, ideally wild, stripped and deveined 12 grape tomatoes, finely slashed 1 teaspoon hacked thyme 2 tablespoons (30 ml) extra-virgin olive oil Kosher salt and newly ground dark pepper 12 zucchini blossoms, washed, and cut Bottom of Form Directions Position a rack in the focal point of the broiler and warmth the stove to 350 °F (180 °C). Finely cleave the shrimp and afterward move to a medium bowl. Include the tomatoes, thyme, 1 tablespoon of the oil, and a spot of salt and pepper; blend well. Fill the zucchini blossoms with 1 storing tablespoon of the shrimp filling. Mastermind on a little heating dish and afterward shower with the rest of the oil and sprinkle with a spot of salt. Heat in the broiler until the blossoms are gently brilliant, and the shrimp is cooked through, 7 to 10 minutes. Expel from the broiler. Rich Chocolate Cake with Salty Dulce de Leche Hazelnut Brittle o o1 cup newly prepared hot espresso o1/2 cup Dutch-handled cocoa powder o3/4 cup pressed light earthy colored sugar o1/2 cup plain entire milk yogurt o2 teaspoons vanilla concentrate o8 tablespoons (1 stick) unsalted spread, at room temperature o1 1/4 cups granulated sugar o1 1/4 cups universally handy flour 3/4 teaspoon heating soft drink o1 teaspoon table salt o2 eggs oTOPPING: o1 1/2 teaspoon legitimate salt o1/2 cup dulce de leche oHAZELNUT BRITTLE (makes around 2 cups): o6 tablespoons (3/4 stick) unsalted margarine o1/2 cup sugar o1 tablespoon light corn syrup o1/8 teaspoon heating soft drink o1/8 teaspoon table salt o1/2 cup entire unsalted hazelnuts, skins expelled D irections Preheat the broiler to 350 °F. Set up a 10-inch round cake dish by lubing it with cooking splash and afterward fixing the base with material paper. To cause the cake, to empty the hot espresso into a medium bowl and mix in the cocoa powder until it breaks up. Mix in the earthy colored sugar, trailed by the yogurt and the vanilla. Mix completely to guarantee that the entirety of the fixings are fused. In the bowl of an electric blender fitted with the oar connection, beat the spread and granulated sugar on medium speed until light-yellow and fleecy, around 3 minutes. Scratch down the sides of the bowl. Include the eggs and blend for 2 minutes, scratching down the bowl varying. In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, heating pop, and salt. With the blender running on low speed, blend in 33% of the flour blend and half of the espresso blend. Scratch down the bowl. Include another third of the flour blend and all the rest of the espresso blend. Expel the bowl from the blender and, utilizing an elastic spatula, overlay in the rest of the flour blend until the entirety of the fixings are completely fused. Empty the player into the readied cake skillet. Heat for 25 minutes. Turn the skillet in the stove and prepare for 20 additional minutes, or until a cake analyzer embedded in the focal point of the cake tells the truth. Expel the skillet from the broiler and let the cake cool in the prospect minutes. At that point turn the cake out onto a spotless plate, expel the material, and turn the cake back over onto a wire rack. Let the cake cool totally. In a food processor, beat the fragile pieces 3 to multiple times until the weak is fine. Put the cooled cake on a serving dish. In a microwave-safe dish, heat the dulce de leche on high force for 30 seconds, or until it is simply fluid. Spoon the dulce de leche over the cake, and afterward sprinkle the legitimate salt over the dulce de leche. Sprinkle about ? cup of the ground fragile around the external edge of the cake as a flavorful adornment. Step by step instructions to refer to Project Feasibility Study, Essay models

How to make homemade ice cream Essay Example

The most effective method to make natively constructed frozen yogurt Essay Example Step by step instructions to make custom made frozen yogurt Essay Step by step instructions to make custom made dessert Essay Have you at any point needed to have a go at making your own hand crafted Ice cream? Have you not done It Just on the grounds that you thought you required an Ice cream machine to do It? Indeed, there are a couple of various approaches to make natively constructed frozen yogurt without a dessert creator. All you need is a bunch of fixings, the best possible utensils, and a brief period. One quick and simple approach to make custom made frozen yogurt is by making it in a plastic pack. Another way you can do this requires the utilization of an oven and the right cooking utensils. Every way is straightforward, yet relying upon the materials you have one will be simpler to do than the other. In the event that you dont have a great deal of time and need a fast nibble In no time you can make the Ice cream with the plastic sack strategy. On the off chance that you need more frozen yogurt and have time, the best possible cooking utensils, and an oven you can utilize this other cooking strategy. Making frozen yogurt can give you something to do when youre exhausted, hungry for a bite, or need to have a go at something new. Making your own frozen yogurt can set aside you cash and you can demonstrate these various strategies to your companions, family, or kids. It tends to be a pleasant movement and the final products are astounding. The Ice cream Is delectable and fulfilling. These procedures set aside Just a short effort to do ND are straightforward and simple to finish. Utilizing the plastic sack strategy is simple enough for nearly anybody to do, even small kids. The oven technique is somewhat more progressed and not suggested for little youngsters except if joined by a grown-up. Weve chose to give you a couple various approaches to make your own hand crafted Ice cream since we realize individuals may have the correct materials to make It one way, however perhaps not the other. The sack strategy Is more straightforward and can be something amusing to do with your companions, though the oven technique may create more excellent frozen yogurt and be something youd do to challenge yourself in the tingled. Fixings/Materials: 1/2 cup milk (entire or 2% work best) or creamer 1/2 cup substantial cream (discretionary) 1/2 teaspoon vanilla 1 tablespoon sugar 4 cups Ice solid shapes or squashed Ice 4 tablespoons salt 2 quart-sized plastic food stockpiling packs 1 gallon-sized plastic food stockpiling sack A hand towel or winter gloves How to Make It: In one of the quart-sized sacks consolidate the milk, sugar, and vanilla (and overwhelming cream on the off chance that you need). Cautiously press however much let some circulation into of the sack as could reasonably be expected and seal it firmly. Overabundance air taken care of could make it open during the blending procedure, which wouldnt be acceptable. Put the pack of fixings you simply consolidated into the other quart-sized sack. Press the ventilate of this sack also and seal it. By twofold sacking, there Is to a lesser degree a possibility of salt and water spilling Into your frozen yogurt. Next, put the quart-sized packs Inside the gallon estimated sack. It Is ideal to utilize a gallon-sized cooler and less inclined to be punctured or torn open while making the dessert. When you have the littler packs in the bigger sack, include the ice and salt into the bigger pack, covering and encompassing the little packs. You can utilize table salt for this, however Kosher or rock salt will work better for you. Press the let some circulation into of this pack and seal it firmly. Mythical person youre utilizing a towel fold the towel over the sack. If not, put your gloves on. At that point, shake and back rub the blend. Keep doing this until the dessert is at the consistency you need. This will take around five to ten minutes to do. You would then be able to expel the quart-sized sacks from the gallon-sized pack and eat your frozen yogurt. You might need to flush the external quart-sized pack to be certain the salt is off it and doesnt get into your frozen yogurt. You would then be able to eat your treat directly out of the sack, put it into a bowl, or appreciate it in a cone.

Lust And Love Essay Research Paper Lust free essay sample

Desire And Love Essay, Research Paper Desire and love It is dry how love and indecency are such a great amount of identified with one another yet extremely entirely different. Well for one thing they wear? Ts have a similar aim. A person in indecency may greedily want creature or sexual pleasance while a person in affection sees past physical and just accept it as the segment of the pack that makes the individual specific. Most likely, love sound a great deal more overall quite moderate, however doesn? t love at times get down with prurience? You get attracted to the person? s physical properties in which you start watch intoing out what stunning eyes, rear end, legs she has or conceivably you get enticed by his Eskimo hound resting room voice that could raise gooseflesh out of you anyday, whenever and talk you into anything. The vibe of his covering, the stroke of his grinning, the way his voice settles like an angel asking for a secure, this makes him consummately irresistable. We will compose a custom paper test on Desire And Love Essay Research Paper Lust or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This gets you, you just can non travel through a hr without recovering last dim? s discussion and how good he looked as he gazed significantly at you. You begin craving for standard social gathering, each night visits regardless of whether once in a while bite the destining does non expect a discussion yet only keeping the phone and hearing him relax. At that point one twenty-four hours you? re out of nowhere snared. You understand that you just can non make without him like a caffeine nut can non make without java. At that point you get the chance to cognize him better. As you do as such, you gradually observe base on balls through what principal pulled in him to you. As your discussion extends you understand that your het treatment on teaching and shared contribution on a similar kind of action like, Lashkar-e-Taibas state, stone mounting, ends up being as invigorating and spine-shivering as your typical smooth speaking T? te-? - t? Te. You discover this so strangely hot, until lit tle by little you s prostitute falling? in affection. What decisively is my point? The fact of the matter is it is at times hard to isolate love from prurience. Desire may plug up with affection a similar way that adoration may end up being desire. So what is desire and what is love? Is it just a territory of head, simply like all the rest of the feeling, emotions and areas in this universe? Essentially in the oculus of the perceiver, dictated by how one sees the relationship to be? Or then again is it in the profundity of the relationship taking the feeling that desire offices shallow and love organizations profound? I may be babbling about bunk, or you may hold with me in exactly the same words however no 1 can deny that cherishing and needing is extremely existent. It is each piece existent as you and me and sooner or later and cut in our lives we will meet it thus get down oppugning ourselves about it. Desire may sound an extremely unfair word, since it is against numerous confidence to fall quarry to it. Be that as it may, lewdness could plan a bunch of various things ; fascination can be a signifier of salacity each piece great as commitment ( in field semantic correspondence: adoring a film star or any ravishing, celebrated or rich, unachievable bit of meat ) and even a field ol? pulverize can be. We wear? t remember it yet we may be truly dong it. Be that as it may, plus, as I have stated, its definition is near and can change in any case from how one sees it. What's more, shouldn't something be said about affection? Anyone can almost certainly confirm what love is with all the things million thinamajigs expounded on it, might it be in a vocal, story, section structure or attempt signifier. A truly poplar subject, it appears. Be that as it may, why International Relations and Security Network? T at that place anything expounded on the best way to state desire from affection? Is n? T at that spot expected to be manual on guidelines were to pull the line? For what reason am I asking now? Perhaps on the grounds that later on, it may be too much late for me to see through the slender line among adoration and lewdness.

The Drinking Age Should Be Lowered Essay -- Lowering the Drinking Age

There are various issues including liquor on the planet today, including liquor abuse, inebriated driving, and liquor harming prompting passing. A large number of these issues include minors and are connected to drinking underage. The legitimate savoring age numerous states is twenty-one years of age. The motivation behind this law is to keep minors out of threat: away from alcoholic driving, liquor harming, and harming the mind before it is completely evolved. The administration bolsters the conviction that individuals are not prepared or dependable enough for liquor until this age. Be that as it may, different educators and scientists are finding approaches to discredit this conviction. These individuals feel that decreasing the drinking age to eighteen would impact our nation in a positive manner. In addition to the fact that minors support this thought, however there are various individuals and associations that help bringing down the drinking age also. The present drinking law i s counterproductive in our general public in light of the fact that it’s not powerful in dispensing with underage drinking, and prompts hazardous circumstances, for example, intoxicated driving and liquor poison affected passings. This issue could be comprehended by bringing down the base drinking age to eighteen, with a drinking permit. â€Å"Either we are a country of culprits, or this is a terrible law†, says John McCardell, creator for the Greenhaven Press (McCardell, 2012). What McCardell is alluding to is the law notwithstanding the utilization of liquor in people younger than twenty-one in the United States. John McCardell is the previous leader of Middlebury College, and he is likewise the author of the Choose Responsibly gathering (Baldouf, 2007). This gathering is a philanthropic association that movements around the nation sharing McCardell’s proposition about the drinking age... ...m http://www.indiana.edu/~engs/articles/cqoped.html Fennell, R. (2007, December). Drinking Is Fun. Recovered May 2014, from Scholastic OneFile: http://go.galegroup.com.bakerezproxy.palnet.info/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=DA- McCardell, J. (2012). The Drinking Age Should Be Lowered. (G. Press, Producer) Recovered May 2014, from Gale Virtual Reference Library: http://go.galegroup.com.bakerezproxy.palnet.info/ps/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=RELEVANCE&inPS=true&prodId=GVRL Rotunda, M. (2004). Preclusion. Recovered May 2014, from CREDORreference: http://www.credoreference.com.bakerezproxy.palnet.info/passage/rutgersnj/preclusion Underage Drinking. (2005). Recovered 2014, from Alcohol News: http://www.alcoholnews.org/Underage%20drinking.html Why 21? (2011). Recovered May 2014, from MADD: http://www.madd.org/underage-drinking/why21/

What Are Good Argumentative Essay Topics to Write?

What Are Good Argumentative Essay Topics to Write?Argumentative essays are often written for college admissions purposes and they are very popular for many students. Writing an argumentative essay is the subject of debate among writers and there are those who favor one topic or another. For those that do not enjoy writing, it can be a tiresome task to get through it, especially when the topic chosen is just another way of making you sound like an expert.How do you know which topic to choose when writing a good argumentative essay? One option is to consult a writing buddy or a friend who is an expert on this topic to help you find out. Both of these people have knowledge about the most popular topics that are applied in college admissions essays.The first thing you need to know when choosing a topic for your argumentative essay is what is the 'best' argumentative topic for your personality and writing style. An argumentative essay that has been written by someone with an argumentative style is far more effective than one that is just written from the viewpoint of someone with the ability to write. What is meant by this is that an argumentative essay needs to take into account the reader's point of view.A good argumentative essay should be clear, concise and catchy. You will find that a good amount of research can go into a good argumentative essay as well. It may involve looking at previous essays or even selecting other similar essays and comparing them. If you spend some time reading others' arguments, you can learn more about your own writing style and improve it.Another option when it comes to knowing what are good argumentative essay topics is by asking for advice from others. Be open to receiving opinions and getting advice. Not everyone will agree about what is good, but it can be helpful to ask for opinions from other writers. It is important to remember that a good argumentative essay should not rely solely on the words of the writer alone.You should al ways read and revise your writing before submitting it to be sure that it is error free. Just because it reads like it is written by an expert does not mean that you have done a good job. A good essay is one that follows a logical and clear structure. If you fail to follow this pattern, then the reader can lose interest and this can result in your essay failing.Finally, when writing a good argumentative essay, you will want to keep your personal opinion to a minimum. Your readers will have their own views and opinions of things, which makes them unique. This is something that you should avoid while writing your essay. You should concentrate on the content of the essay rather than having a feeling of being different.What are good argumentative essay topics to write? These topics are the ones that would allow you to write about your writing style and how you think the reader should view the issue you are writing about. Knowing what topics are available to you will make the task of wri ting an argumentative essay much easier to deal with.

Anti-Semitism and the First Amendment - Free Essay Example

Thesis statement: Any form of anti-Semitic hate speech in the United States should not be given First Amendment protection as it has proven to cause violence. Introduction: The American Library Association defines free speech in the United States and mentions that it is founded in a belief that freedom of speech requires the government to strictly protect robust debate on matters of public concern even when such debate devolves into distasteful, offensive, or hateful speech that causes others to feel grief, anger, or fear. (Kpekoll, 2018). Hate speech is a topic that seems to always come up and be challenged when it comes to what is too hateful. There are numerous cases around free speech and the First Amendment. Hate speech is one of those topics that has a lot of gray area and can run into misinterpretations and concern for individuals, and groups of people. Group libel laws, defamation, and other speech laws are in place to set a tone for what speech is welcomed and what is unacceptable. Hate speech is an area that has grown of the past few years and is projected to continue to grow if something is not changed. Nazis in Skokie by Donald Downs: Donald Downs is the author of a book titled Nazis in Skokie in which he challenges the doctrine of content neutrality and presents an argument for free speech when it is intentionally harmful. Downs mentions that judges in fundamental hate speech court cases have ignores the difference between targeted hate messages and non-targeted forms he goes on to say that this ignoring this difference fails to account for the difference between speech which is inherently or directly assaultive and speech which engenders tension but is not inherently assaultive (Downs, 1986, 122). This is a critical point in my argument. In some instances, speech crosses a line that is in nature, dangerous and is likely to lead to harm. This speech should not have basic constitutional rights as it can be harmful expression. This leads to the question: when is hate speech tolerated and protected? Downs explains that in the case, the court ignored that fact that the NSPA hoped that the proposed demonstration would inflict trauma and engender a hostile crowd reaction and that the display of the swastika is ?symbolic political speech intended to convey to the public the beliefs of those who convey it (Downs, 1986, 71). This seems similar to the case of Feiner v. New York and how they parallel the ideas of when speech incites violence in a crowd. Something when as much hate filled power as the swastika should not be protected speech. The swastika is a symbol of the German Nazi party, even if it has innocent roots. This symbol reminds the Jewish community of the most horrible time in history. It is offensive and disrespectful to allow people to use this flag because of its meaning. Likewise, the use of the word nigger is offensive and has racist roots and thus, should not be protected under the First Amendment. Freedom of speech is important and embedded in our history; however, t his right has limits. Not all speech is acceptable to say in society. The United States is melting pot of all religions, ethnicities, and backgrounds. Expressions, phrases, symbols, etc. that are attached to racially or religiously charged hate, should not be protected. The people being targeting in these incidents, might not all suffer from physical harm, but they suffer from loss of power, lower reputation, loss of job opportunities, and much more considering a part of their character has been damaged. Downs argues that the best option to prevent such hateful events is to forbid expression. One of Downs main principles is the idea that as a society, we have taken the need to protect speech to be more important than simple societal values. He pulls various examples; such as, republican virtue/community security, and the free speech principle/the harm principle. Free speech is a fundamental principle of democracy and is a part of what makes the United States such a desirable country. Downs mentions that racist expression can have benefits and usually does, but the benefits do not outweigh the harm. It is crucial to balance these two aspects of expression and recognize the importance of the expression on society. To achieve a proper balance, Downs suggest the more the substantial and direct harm, the more compelling the principle of ultimate ends (Downs, 1986, 000). This is a very interesting suggestion as it has to do with the Kant principle of ethics. Kants ethical theory is all abo ut the ends justifying the means. Hate speech and ethics go hand in hand. Everyone has different morals, values, and ethical reasonings. However, there are some actions and decisions that are considered, overall, to be more ethical than others. Ethics plays an important role in society and it applies to hate speech in the same way. An important question to ask in regard to ethics and speech is: does ethical coincide with legal? Since hate speech is legal, does that make it ethical? Legality and ethical are used very similarly as people assume that since something is illegal, it is automatically unethical and vice versa. Although, that is not always the case. For example, slavery was legal, but completely unethical. At the time it may have seemed ethical to the people who had slaves, but it was never an ethical decision. Recent Incidents: At Columbia University, there were two swastikas and the slur yid spray-painted in red on a Jewish professors office walls. Vox reported: While these two events are the most high-profile anti-Semitic crimes of the week, they are not isolated. Goucher College students woke up on Thursday morning to find swastikas spray painted on their Maryland campus. It was the second time this occurred this month; a suspect was arrested. In New Jersey, two middle schools and a high school, all in Union County, found swastikas and other hateful graffiti drawn on their school property as well. (Sheppard, 2018) These incidents took place this year and continue to take place more frequently. Incidents like these are strong forms of hate speech and reflect true disrespect. The United States is built off the foundation of diversity. Speech that is hateful, disrespectful, and violence provoking should have no FA protection and be treated harsher. People see acts like this and think it is okay to have those types of views, whether it be about any group. The United States should not allow this type of action and cause people to feel threatened and in fear of danger everywhere they go. The Pittsburgh synagogue shooting killed 11 worshippers in the deadliest attack ever on Jews in the United States according to a CNN article about the incident (Andone Murphy, 2018). The attacker targeted Jews online and made numerous anti-Semitic comments regarding the attack. More religious groups are being targeted in the United States as of the last few years. Illegal immigrants are constantly being targeted, along with minority groups, and it is only increasing at an alarming rate. Hate speech is a main contributor to this violence and it is only getting worse and continue if we allow it for much longer. There should be stricter laws when it comes to what speech is and is not inciting violence. According to PBS, Jews make up only about 2 percent of the U.S. population, but in annual FBI data they repeatedly account for more than half of the Americans targeted by hate crimes committed due to religious bias (Crary, 2018). An article by James Kirchick of the Washington Post sugges ts the rise of Trump in U.S. political life has coincided with a rise in anti-Semitism, among other forms of bigotry. Yes, correlation is not causation, but Trump nonetheless appeals to sentiments and animosities that dont bode well for the future of Jewish life in this country (Kirchick, 2018). Anti-Semitism has multiple sources and thus, one person cannot be blamed. However, the Trump administration has triggered lots of hate related crimes and made the United States feel more divided than ever. Kirchick also stated No one other than the shooter is responsible for the mass murder in Pittsburgh, but there are many people † including those in public office and in digital media † contributing to the rise of the anti-Semitic sentiments the shooter allegedly shouted. If you think words†especially an American presidents words†dont matter, think again. (Kirchick, 2018) It is important for the people running our country to have values that are supportive of all the communities in the United States. When people see someone of authority discriminating or using hate speech, it is viewed as acceptable and even encouraged. This type of speech should not be tolerated in any form by any person of the United States. Anti-Semitic views stem from the Holocaust area in Germany. Anti-Semitic, neo-Nazis, white nationalists, etc., have deep roots in the US and those people believe that the Jews could be linked to the bad times in the United States. Synagogues have amplified their security measures in light of anti-Semitic incidents and to try to stay safe while worshipping. Many other religious groups have similar precautions as they are also not safe. Citizens of the United States need to be held accountable for your actions, not just criminal actions. We have strict laws when it comes to defamation, yet not hate speech. Developing set rules for discriminatory speech would set a guideline for treating each other with respect and suppressing any comments that would cause harm to any groups. In April 2014, Frazier Glenn Miller Jr. fatally shot a 69-year-old man and his 14-year-old grandson at a Jewish community center in suburban Kansas City. During his trial, Miller said he shot his victims because he wanted to kill Jewish people before he dies (CBS/AP, 2015). This type of thinking is what scares people and arouses danger in communities. It is unbelievable that there are still people in the United States that have such strong anti-Semitic views. Of course, there are going to be people who are filled with hate; however, we should make expressing these hatefully charged emotions not protected as a freedom of speech. Conversely, imminent violence towards a person or group is not protected speech, which is a good step. Hate speech should be added to this as for many reasons already discussed, hate speech fuels others and leads to violence. Additionally, when hate crimes go unpunished or underreported, others do not take it seriously and misunderstand the real impact it has on the targeted group. This leads to other incidents occurring and creating a cycle of hate fueled incidents and speech. Defending my enemy In 1977, Frank Collin wanted to host a Nazi march in Skokie, Illinois. Collin was leader of the National Socialist Party of America and Skokie was home to one of the largest Holocaust survivor populations in the United States. The book titled Defending my enemy by a director at the ACLU, Aryeh Neier, details what happened concerning this Nazi march. Days before the march, a leaflet turned up in Skokie that read We carry the swastika because it is the ancient symbol of our white people throughout history and the world. It is a sign of total resistance against the niggerization of our country (Neier, 2012, 43). People were scared, especially the Jewish community who had been receiving threatening calls for weeks prior. Although this march was protested and even put on trial, the march went on. This group has the right to march and speak their values under the rights of the First Amendment. The leaflets passed out should show how hurtful and powerful this group is in the United States a nd how that leaflet would cause terror in many communities. It is not right or fair that an entire group of people are terrified because one group wants to attack them for their own selfish reasons. Most people in the United States come from immigrants. White people did not inhabit this land from the start, they have taken over the land from the Native Americans, as taught in grade school. Stating that our country is white and is only pure if it is white is simply incorrect and propaganda that has been bestowed on us by uneducated, selfish people. The author goes on to discuss the consequences of the Nazi march and how it has affected its community and free speech entirely. The best consequence of the Nazis proposal to march in Skokie is that is produced more speech, a great deal. It stimulated more discussion of the evils of Nazism and of the Holocaust (Neier, 2012, 145). It is important to look at all sides of an event and the impacts it has, good or bad. Horrible incidents always seem to spark a conversation and fuel those who find it infuriating. This is wonderful for awareness and possibility for change in the community and law. Neier goes on to say, The worst consequence is that the arguments against permitting the march have fostered the impression that a community can assert that those whose views are anathema to it can be forbidden to enter its boundaries (Neier, 2012, 145). This is an interesting consequence and an important one. With freedom of speech and the restriction of certain speech, it is crucial to not exclu de ideas that are different from the communitys values However, racist and discriminatory speech should never be acceptable. When speech is threatening, hateful, and incites violence, it should be restricted. Work Cited Andone, D., Murphy, P. P. (2018, October 29). Hate crime charges filed in Pittsburgh synagogue shooting that left 11 dead. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/27/us/pittsburgh-synagogue-active-shooter/index.html Chokshi, N. (2018, November 15). Kroger Shooting Suspect Is Charged With Hate Crimes in Killings of 2 Black People. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/15/us/kroger-shooting-charges-louisville.html?rref=collection/timestopic/Hate Crimesaction=clickcontentCollection=timestopics? ®ion=streammodule=stream_unitversion=latestcontentPlacement=1pgtype=collection Crary, D. (2018, October 29). Before Pittsburgh shooting, anti-Semitic incidents were on the rise. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/before-pittsburgh-shooting-anti-semitic-incidents-were-on-the-rise CBS/AP. (2015, November 10). Man convicted in Jewish site killings is sentenced to death. Retrieved from https://www.cbsnews.com/news/man-convicted-in-kansas-jewish-site-killings-is-sentenced-to-death/ Kirchick, J. (2018, November 21). How much blame does Trump truly bear for the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting? Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/how-much-blame-does-trump-truly-bear-for-the-pittsburgh-synagogue-shooting/2018/11/19/f69ef8f0-e9f2-11e8-bbdb-72fdbf9d4fed_story.html?noredirect=onutm_term=.f9ec217f93cc Kpekoll. (2018, July 11). Hate Speech and Hate Crime. Retrieved from https://www.ala.org/advocacy/intfreedom/hate Neier, A. (2012). Defending my enemy: American Nazis, the Skokie case, and the risks of freedom. New York: International Debate Education Association. Sheppard, E. (2018, December 01). Swastika vandalism hit high-profile targets in both New York and California this week. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/2018/11/30/18120436/swastika-vandalism-hit-new-york-california-anti-semitism

Effective Communication Skills And How Sexual Assault...

Effective communication skills are important in everyday life, from home to work and even social outings. Working with trauma patients it is vital to have effective communication skills. In particular those healing from child sexual abuse, sexual violence and domestic abuse (Sanderson, 2013). The American Psychological Association (2015) defines trauma as and ‘emotional response to a terrible event such as rape...reactions include; flashbacks, nausea, unpredictable emotions, strained relationships and headaches’. This research essay will examine how verbal encouragers, active listening and providing a sense safety are all skills that are important to a Sexual Assault Worker and why they are imperative. As well as aiming to understand†¦show more content†¦A beneficial way of avoiding this is the use of verbal encouragers. According to Hazelwood Shakespear-Finch (2011) â€Å"Hhmm†, â€Å"Aahh†, â€Å"Right†, â€Å"Oohh†, â€Å"Okayâ⠂¬ , â€Å"Aha† or â€Å"Mmhm† are just some of the short phrases or words a practitioner may say to confirm they are listening to their client. With the occasional use of these verbal encouragers, it sidesteps any unnecessary confusion that may hinder the client practitioner relationship. Non-verbal encouragers can also make it easier for people to speak. Simple eye contact, nods, smiles and facial expressions can leave people feeling relaxed and more willing you talk (Dawn, 2002). In situations where there are cultural differences verbal and non-verbal encouragers are not as positive. Take for example a client who is an Aboriginal Elder and the practitioner who is a young Caucasian Social Worker that was unaware of Aboriginal cultural protocols and etiquette. In Western culture it is respectful and a sign of active listening to look a person in the eye the whole time you are conversing with them. However for Aboriginals it is complete reverse, when you don’t look straight into an Aboriginal person’s eyes you are showing them that you respect them. Situations such as these can make both parties feel uncomfortable (Laguerre, Shanahan, Ferguson, 2014). Active Listening is a key communication skill that is vital when taking to truma affected clients Hazelwood Shakespear-Finch (2011) describe it

Corporate Social Responsibility And Human Rights - 943 Words

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Beyond meeting regulatory requirements and social expectations in areas in which they operate, by proactively presenting more rigorous international standards such as the United Nations Global Compact, companies will reinforce their commitment to human rights. In 1998 the Secretary General of the UN, declared that he â€Å"was building a more solid relationship with the business community. Thriving markets and human security goes hand in hand: without one we will not have the other† (Annan, 1998, p. 1820). Afterwards, a World Economic Forum was held in 1999. At the forum, Kofi Annan introduced what is known the ‘Global Compact’. 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The Quest Is A Carries For The Expulsion Of Iraqi Forces...

The Quest is a carries on from where the author’s award winning book The Prize left of with the expulsion of Iraqi forces from Kuwait, and the imminent fragmentation of the Soviet Union, which concluded with the rise of OPEC, and the profound resulting shift in the axis of world power, as developed nations adjusted to a new and relatively less self-sufficient reality. It explores the multifaceted world of the modern oil and gas industry, with new game changers, both as producers (Brazil, Central Asian), and also as consumers (the emerging economies of the BRICS nations). He explores the critical importance of electricity, this he characterized as the many essentials of modern society and communication, such as Ipads, smartphones, laptop computers, electronic books, all these â€Å"gadgetwatts† as he calls them, account for the bulk use of electricity. He expresses himself to be an advocate in anthropogenic climate change; he summaries the struggles in reaching any kind of international accord, but determines that the growing awareness of its impact is encouraging greater energy efficiency and above all an interest in renewables. In The Quest, Yergin picks up the thread of the story in the latter part of the 20th Century, a time in which fossil fuels have shared the stage with other forms of energy more favored by certain policy makers, while the world staggered from the break-up of the Soviet Union and the emergence of newly independent oil-producing nations in the former SovietShow MoreRelatedNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 PagesCONTENTS FOR NSL READING CHAPTER 1: National Security Law and the Role of Tipson 1 CHAPTER 2: Theoretical approaches to national security world order 4 CHAPTER 3: Development of the International Law of Conflict Management 5 CHAPTER 4: The Use of Force in International Relations: Norms Concerning the Initiation of Coercion (JNM) 7 CHAPTER 5: Institutional Modes of Conflict Management 17 The United Nations System 17 Proposals for Strengthening Management Institutional Modes of Conduct 23 CHAPTERRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslittle significance. But there is little agreement over when the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable

The Women s Rights Movement Essay - 987 Words

In the late nineteenth century, woman was seen as a sign of weakness and seek for equality. Some of their jobs include teaching, secretary, and cooking. The most noticeable situation that occurs is that women were never given the opportunity to voice their opinion on what kind of job that they should do. In addition, voting at this point of time for women was quite impractical. The wartime was a difficult time for women who wanted to capitalize on an opportunity. They wanted a job to prove to men that they are much stronger. However, there was hope when the U.S. woman’s rights movement began. A woman by the name of Elizabeth Cady Stanton started the movement at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. 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Marxism in the Grapes of Wrath Free Essays

In The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, Steinbeck uses Marxist ideals to plot the long struggle experienced by the Joad family. The Joads’ experiences prove that the Bourgeoise abuse their power in order to control the Proletariats, alienating and exploiting their class to prevent revolution by forcing them to work for barely enough money. Families who had lived and worked on their land their whole lives became workless as the bank repossessed homes to sustain profit. We will write a custom essay sample on Marxism in the Grapes of Wrath or any similar topic only for you Order Now The bank had become a â€Å"monster† led by the Bourgeoise to exploit the families for their houses and jobs, leaving them with almost nothing. People were often forced to work with this monster in order to feed their own families, it was known for â€Å"making people do what it wants† (Steinbeck 34), despite who would be hurt in the process. This was a tool used to prevent the Proletariats from forming a union, because the â€Å"bank isn’t like a man† (Steinbeck 33) and there was no person to punish for doing them wrong. Pushed off of their land, the families moved west where they were promised work and an easier life in return for having to give up their homes. The Bourgeoise’s promises fell short as more and more families migrated west, minimizing the number of jobs and money available. Their pay was repeatedly cut, reducing it to too little to feed their families. Outside of working, the workers were kept from each other in order to prevent unity, the first step to a rebellion. This need to control stemmed from the Bourgeoise’s extreme greed to keep their power and their money by taking away anybody else’s. A divided nation is easier to control then one united. To avoid the consequences of unity, the police would â€Å"make them fear, hate, suspect each other† (Steinbeck 151). This growth of alienation among the lower class was the Bourgeoise’s tool of exploitation to avoid rebellion against those of higher social status. The laws in the area were bias and only in place to benefit the Bourgeoise. If such a place of social equanimity existed, the local police forces tried to find ways to sabotage and abuse the area to break the forming union. Even when migrating from place to place, members of the Proletariat were unable to escape the greedy control of the Bourgeoise. They abused their powers of endless wealth and legal freedom to maintain their high status at the expense of those who occupied the poorer classes. How to cite Marxism in the Grapes of Wrath, Papers

Halina Essay Example For Students

Halina Essay HALINA MOUNTAIN RESORT (C) I. AREAS OF CONSIDERATION (SWOT ANALYSIS) A. STRENGTHS: 1. Halina Mountain Resort is a company owned business. 2. The very good location of the resort. 3. The first Resort in the area that has a restaurant. 4. The wide land area expansion suitable for parking accommodation. 5. First-class resort with first-class facilities (cleanliness) 6. Rich in Natural Resources (e. g. , mineral hot spring, enchanting Mt. Makiling view) B. WEAKNESSES: 1. No safety measures mentioned 2. Financial constraints 3. The key personnel of the resort are from Herrera family. 4. Lack of marketing strategies (advertising and promotion) C. OPPORTUNITIES: 1. Customers’ word-of-mouth (relative to Resort promotion) 2. Utilization of the underdeveloped half-hectare land expansion 3. New gimmicks/features 4. Serving new customers group D. THREATS: 1. Natural disaster like typhoon, earthquakes and others. 2. Other competitors in the area that was patronized by people, or may have a low price. 3. The resort is near a creek; this may cause the land to be soft. 4. The recent incident (holdup) nearby the resort may cause worries to customers concerning their safety. 5. Government Standardization (admission fee in particular) II. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM How would the Halina Mountain Resort emerge in the competitive environment and ensure the growth of their business? III. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION 1. Victor F. Herrera, Jr. , as EVP General Manager of the resort, may apply his learning and experiences from being a brand manager of a mass consumer food aside from the seminars he attended and MBA studies. -Advantage: Jun Herrera could adopt marketing strategies like in Food Company around similar objectives. -Disadvantage: The resort comprises different complicated operation for each condition and it requires a unique marketing approach for each function. . The Company may employ more competent professionals for each respective department/field of operation other than those family relatives. -Advantage: The hiring of a more competent employee could enhance company’s general efficiency and contribute a satisfying customer service. -Disadvantage: Such course of action leads to a higher compensation demand and may cause some f amily relative concerns to get out-of-work. 3. Halina Mountain Resort has various sort of service offering (like the utilization and improvement of the underdeveloped half-hectare expansion) other than what it used to offer. Advantage: The development of the half-hectare expansion as being a camping site (dubbed Halina Tropical Adventure Base) would mean another additional feature for the Company and that caters another customers’ needs. -Disadvantage: The said expansion development needs budget to make such undertaking feasible and workable. 4. The Management may propose a unique marketing strategy such as offering quantity discounts, premiums and other freebies. -Advantage: Such marketing initiative will boost the company’s sale even during â€Å"low months† or ordinary days. Disadvantage: The available discount is limited because of government standardization. 5. The company must coordinate with the Local Government Authorities to tighten the security measure s in the area. -Advantage: Customers will have their guarantee to their safety. -Disadvantage: The credibility of the authorities is questionable to have a 100% satisfaction. IV. RECOMMENDATION After the scrupulous scrutiny of the cases involving the Halina Mountain Resort and the systematic evaluation of the alternative courses of action, the following are recommended: 1. The company must utilize its underdeveloped half-hectare expansion for it will be a good source of income as it meets a new range of customers’ needs. By making it the Halina Tropical Adventure Base, more customers (especially the campers and hikers group) will be surprised to see new facilities and adventurous features. It will also increase the uniqueness of the Resort among its competitors. 2. To improve the marketing strategies of the company, premiums and quantity discount can be made available despite the standardization set by the Local Government. .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6 , .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6 .postImageUrl , .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6 , .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6:hover , .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6:visited , .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6:active { border:0!important; } .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6:active , .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6 .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc18963cbfe681a62ec3eab742c2c1df6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Comprehensive Analysis of Between the World and Me, a Book by Ta-Nehisi Coates EssayThis will surely invite more groups of customers to come in the Resort and have their loyalties that will experience the same adventure to their companies/parties. 3. The security measures must be tightened by employing more credible security personnel and coordinate accordingly with the Local Government Authorities for the customers guarantee to their safety. V. DETAILED ACTION PLAN 1. The company must have their feasibility study about the development of the half-hectare expansion to make Halina Tropical Adventure Base surely viable. 2. New gimmicks and adventures can be imitated from the South East Asian countries, Japan and Taiwan where Mr. Herrera Sr. come up the ideas, as long as these features will boost the competitiveness of the Resort and will bring good impressions to their customers that they may share to their companies/parties. 3. Promos like premiums and quantity discounts to group customers such as school-excursion clienteles should be made available (especially during low months or ordinary days where sales is inferior or during summer where competition is stiff). VI. CONCLUSION Certainly, the industry in which the Blue Heights Realty and Development Corporation engaging in is seasonal-based where the result of its operation is inconsistent through out the year. Nevertheless, because of the God-given resources and the good location, the principal owner, Mr. Victor E. Herrera Sr. , taking these advantages, launched his very first project (dubbed Halina Mountain Resort) in spite of capital constraints and albeit the investment risks brought by the existing unbending rivalry in the resort trade. With the long-range objective of establishing a first-class and a well-known mountain resort that will give customer satisfaction by means of good services and complete facilities and amenities, Mr. Herrera, along others, is very optimistic about the resort’s future operation. But how could the Halina Mountain Resort, as a beginner in the resort trade, survive the competitive environment and gain favorably from its ever-changing operation? Indeed, by utilizing the available resources it has (such as the underdeveloped half-hectare expansion) without spending much from such move and developing unique selling propositions (e. g. premiums and quantity discounts offering to group customers adding new recreational features) aside from ensuring cleanliness and customers’ safety, the Management could boost up the resort’s competitiveness and gain customer loyalties. In the long run, these will help the Halina Mountain Resort succeed the present agrresive industry rivalry and ensure favorable income from its operation notwithstanding seasonal changes.

Jordan 6 Carmine Uk Essay Example

Jordan 6 Carmine Uk Essay Jordan 6 Carmine uk is perhaps the very best sneaker customizer out at this time, and the clientele varying from celebs and sports athletes alike hungry for his signature snakeskin uppers only verifies this. With your a higher interest in his coveted customs, which often range in the $1,000 cost point, can we start to see the popularity of individuals flipping their commissioned custom kicks on eBay? Today we obtain a glance at certainly one of his best releases within this luxurious take on air Jordan 1 Royal removed lower after which put back together with python skin inside a size 10.The Jordans 6 Carmine 2014 has continued to be fairly individually distinct because we last saw the famous first championship silhouette hit this Feb in 2 Infrared payments. Even though the Carmine pair will finish things off for that month of May, particulars continue to be sparse around the red-colored leather pair referred to as History of Jordan Jordans 6. Can it be an homage to Spike Lee because the inner lining includes a Spizike like pattern? Today we obtain another see this mysterious pair having a premium upper while an icy outsole contrasts using the whitened midsole section and sparse accents of eco-friendly.Your Friday evening just would not be complete with no comprehensive rundown out of your buddies at Jordans 6 Carmine uk online regarding which athletic shoes the weekend promises. Here you decide to go all the footwear you have to be worried about for tomorrow are listed the following. The Environment Jordan 2 is returning, the Saucony footwear are particularly deep because of a double lower around the collab route, and you will find three different Kyrie Irving HyperRev pairs.

Help to Make Your Work Easy

Help to Make Your Work EasyPresentation critique essays are essential for every student at almost every school to complete. Students are required to submit these to their respective school administration for providing a critical analysis of the work of the teachers and tutors in a particular class. The purpose of this essay is to serve as a tool to help both teachers and students in making a correct evaluation of the work of each teacher and the work of the other students in the class. Given below are some helpful presentation critique essay samples to make your homework a little easier.These presentation critique essay samples have different challenges which every student will face in performing well in this assignment. You have to put all your effort and skills into this task if you want to make your homework an easy and straight forward assignment. This task is important since it is used to determine the performance and creativity of the teachers and students within the class. It has to be able to perform the task in such a way that you can get the desired result. So to make your homework easy and straight forward, you need to know these kinds of paper writing sample which is perfect for you.These help you in determining the performance of the teacher in your class by helping you judge the performance and creativity of each student in the class. Such papers also provide you the opportunity to compare and contrast the creativity and performance of both the teachers and students in your class. These help you in assessing the true worth of each student. They are mostly prepared with the help of examples provided in the assignment. In other words, these are usually prepared based on the performance of the students.These essay samples are also used in English class. These are basically used to rate the performance of the teacher and the students in the class. Such examples are prepared based on the examples provided in the assignment and the assessment of the wor k.These presentation critique essay samples provide you the opportunity to make your work much easier by helping you analyze the capabilities of your students. They are also prepared with the help of several test papers that are based on the actual testing of the students. This helps you to develop your creative abilities and ability to appreciate the work of the students.These are used to help you in critical analysis of the work of your students. They are used to evaluate the work of your students and its progress. They are prepared based on the ideas and strategies that you need to help improve the work of your students.All these essay samples help you in getting the work of your students right. All you need to do is to prepare the essay based on the criterion to be applied for the assignment.

Gun Control in America essays

Gun Control in America essays On April 20, 1999, what is quite possibly the worst school shooting ever to occur in the United States took place at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado. Around 11:30 in the morning, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold moved from the hallway, to the library, to a science class, to the cafeteria killing students as they went, and then finally ending up in the main office where the killing spree finally ended with both killers taking their own lives. In a period of about fifteen minutes two gunmen who were also students at the school opened fire killing 13 of their peers and wounding 21 more, all with two firearms owned by their parents. After the investigation, it became apparent that these two boys suffered from many things including depression and that they had hoped to take many more lives. But the question remains that if the gun wasnt in their house, would this horror have ever taken place? Is it time stronger gun control legislation? A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. Of course this is none other than the second amendment to the Constitution, spelled out for every single American in the Bill of Rights. For right now, lets focus only on the second half of it : the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. It has been clearly laid out by our founding fathers that every citizen has the inherent right to bear arms to own guns. There is not a single person or organization, including the government, that has the ability to take this Constitutional right away from us. Gun control laws that are being lobbied for would clearly violate this amendment. Stronger gun control legislation would also infringe on recreational sportsman, namely hunters. The point of stronger gun control legislation is to keep guns out of the wro ...

Definition and Examples of Estuary English

Definition and Examples of Estuary English Estuary English is a contemporary variety of British English: a mixture of non-regional and southeastern English pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary, which is thought to have originated around the banks of the River Thames and its estuary. Also known as  Cockneyfied RP and Nonstandard Southern English. In some of its features (but not all), Estuary English is related to the traditional Cockney dialect and accent  spoken by people living in the East End of London. The term Estuary English was  introduced by British linguist David Rosewarne in 1984. Examples and Observations Emma Houghton[Paul] Coggle [lecturer in modern languages at the University of Kent] predicts that Estuary English (think Jonathan Ross) will eventually take over from RP. Estuary already predominates in the South East and has apparently spread as far north as Hull.John CraceNot so long ago some academics argued that estuary English (or non-standard southern English, as linguistics experts prefer to call it) was, thanks to TV shows such as EastEnders, slowly taking over the whole country and that some northern accentsparticularly Glaswegianwere being diluted. But [Jonnie] Robinson [curator of English accents and dialects at the British Library] points out that this latest version of the imperialist south has turned out to be a false alarm.There is no doubt the London dialect we have come to call estuary has spread out across the south-east, he says, but research has shown that northern accents and dialects have withstood its spread. Characteristics of Estuary English Linda ThomasFeatures of Estuary English include the glottalisation (replacing t with a glottal stop, as in butter pronounced as buh-uh), pronunciation of th as f or v as in mouth pronounced as mouf and mother pronounced as muvver, the use of multiple negation, as in I aint never done nothing, and the use of the non-standard them books instead of those books.Louise Mullany and Peter StockwellOne popular explanation for the development of Estuary English put forward by linguists including David Crystal (1995) is that RP is going through a process of casualisation at the same time as Cockney speakers are experiencing social mobility and thus moving away from the most stigmatized variety.Estuary English is seen by sociolinguists as evidence that a process known as dialect leveling is taking place, as certain features from this southeast variety have been witnessed spreading across the country...From a grammatical perspective, Estuary English speakers will omit the -ly adverbial ending as in Youre moving too quick . . .. There is also usage of what is known as the confrontational tag question (a construction added to a statement) such as I told you that already didnt I. The Queens English Susie DentJonathan Harrington, Professor of Phonetics at the University of Munich, conducted a thorough acoustic analysis of the Queens Christmas broadcasts, and concluded that Estuary English, a term coined in the 1980s to describe the spread of Londons regional pronunciation features to counties adjoining the river, might well have had an influence on Her Majestys vowels. In 1952 she would have been heard referring to thet men in the bleck het. Now it would be that man in the black hat, the article notes. Similarly, she would have spoken of . . . hame rather than home. In the 1950s she would have been lorst, but by the 1970s lost.

Play review of Richard Nilson's Some Americans Abroad at Second Stage Essay

Play review of Richard Nilson's Some Americans Abroad at Second Stage Theater, New York - Essay Example The play revolves round Joe Taylor, who is the new head of the English department of a New England college, his colleagues and students. On the tour they race from one literary landmark to another. As they do so the director showcases the character of these people. They are shown as spineless, arrogant, penny pinching, pompous individuals who in spite of all the knowledge they have are quite ill-equipped to handle conflicts that arise when they come out of their orderly campus and step into the real world. Mr. Nelson’s script is finely crafted pointing out a basic fact concerning tourists. Tourists are often too busy rushing from one tourist attraction to another without actually seeing. Even though the script was written nearly twenty years ago, the story is still topical and interesting and does not appear outdated. The comic and the serious elements that run throughout the play make for some interesting viewing. Gordon Edelstein, the director, has been able to get some fine performances from the cast. The acting is strong throughout the play and all the characters, though stereotyped at times, come across as fully formed characters. They are convincing and professional in portraying their empty but complicated and tense lives. Tom Cavanagh is excellent as Joe Taylor, the department head, who is friendly but aloof. John Cunningham and Pamela Payton-Wright play the politically incorrect Anglophiles. Anthony Rapp is good as the timid Henry, who is shown taking desperate measures to save his job (even dressing like his boss). Emily Bergl, who plays Betty, Henrys loyal wife, has a small part to play but stands out in the crowd with a compelling performance that has bitterness and anger written all over it. John Cunningham, a veteran and seasoned actor is able to make the audience laugh as the retired department chair with a mean streak. All the characters have a common thread among them,

Case study 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

2 - Case Study Example a decision to edit the longer version of the movie was made in the interest of producing a shorter film that could be suitable for commercialization. This resulted in the film incurring greater losses. The major problem in the case is that there lacks proper teamwork. According to the teamwork effectiveness model, teamwork refers to a group of people who interact to influence each other, and are mutually accountable for the achievement of the common set goals and objectives (Mcshane & Steen, 2012). In this case, there was neither influencing of each other since the director worked on the film production singly nor was there common goals achievement, since the producer and the studio’s executives were working with objectives or realizing different goals. Despite the fact that most of all the financial requirements for producing the Conquistadors movie were effectively met, the final product was still not satisfactory. Teamwork was lacking throughout the whole process of filming the movie, such that the producer was left to make most of the decisions related to the film from the beginning to the end, including dictating the content of the final product. Teamwork requires cons ultations and negotiations at all stages of a project, to ensure that the interests of all parties are put into consideration (Mcshane & Steen, 2012). However, the Conquistadors majorly featured the interests of the film producer, Mark Frazier, while disregarding the interest of the Big Screen Studio. Consequently, the whole Conquistadors was produced and edited in the ideas and interests of the producer, with little or no studio contribution, resulting in its ultimate failure. Lack of proper communication is yet another problem in the case. Communication entails the process by which information is transmitted and understood by the parties (Mcshane & Steen, 2012). However, even though the producer and the executive’s of the Big Screen studio were communicating, they did not understand the

Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - The Sanity of Ophelia Es

The Impact of Madness on Ophelia of Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Without question, the role of madness in Hamlet is as vital to the plot and the play's success as Hamlet himself; neither the character nor the play would be able to function without the driving (although somewhat sluggish) force that madness represents. The connection of one to the other, of character to condition, is so intertwined and entangled that Hamlet has come to symbolize the particular form of madness (i.e. melancholy brought about by a humoral imbalance) with which he is afflicted. Indeed, any discussion of Hamlet would be grossly incomplete without an examination of the madness (or lack thereof) from which he suffers; similarly, any discussion of melancholy would, perhaps, border on invalid were it to neglect the obvious connection to the world's most famous literary example. What is overlooked, however, are the effects and the drastically different results of the same condition (or at least, a condition that closely parallels Hamlet's) on the play's second mo st confounding character, Ophelia.         Ã‚  Ã‚   Early in the play (Act 1, Scene 2), during the first of many insightful soliloquies (insightful for us as much for him), Hamlet utters, somewhat offhandedly, a summation of his feelings towards his mother's "o'erhasty marriage": "Frailty thy name is woman." Offensive though the quip may be to women of contemporary society (and any not quite passive women of Shakespeare's era), Hamlet's comment was, in many respects, indicative of the prevailing attitude, at least among most men, of the time. Although exceptions to the social system were far from nonexistent (Queen Elizabeth being the most obvious example), women were discriminated against to such an extent... ... New York: Philosophical Library, 1970.   Emerson, Kathy Lynn.   The Writer's Guide to Everyday Life in Renaissance England From 1485-1649.   Cincinnati: Writer's Digest Books, 1996. Heffernan, Carol Falvo.   The Melancholy Muse: Chaucer, Shakespeare and Early Medicine. Pittsburgh: Duquesne UP, 1995. Hoeniger, F. David.   Medicine and Shakespeare in the English Renaissance.   Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1992. Lidz, Theodore.   Hamlet's Enemy: Madness and Myth in Hamlet.   Vision Press, 1975. Lyons, Bridget Gellert. Voices of Melancholy.   New York: Barnes and Noble, 1971. Schiesari, Juliana.   The Gendering of Melancholia: Feminism, Psychoanalysis, and the Symbolics of Loss in Renaissance Literature.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992. Shakespeare, William.   Hamlet.   Ed. George Lyman Kittredge. Boston: Ginn and Company, 1939.

Mental Health Care for Latin Americans Essay

Abstract The Hispanic population in the United States has rapidly increased over the last decade and is underrepresented and cared for in mental health services. By understanding their culture and learning about the environment they live in therapists can better meet the patient’s needs. This paper covers Historical content, Family structure, Education, Rates of Psychiatric Disorders symptoms, and what to do as a therapist for Latino/Hispanic clients. Also discussed will be some research showing patterns of mental health changes between Hispanics that were born in America and those that were born in South America. This paper shouldn’t end your study in this area but serve as a motivator for further education. Mental Health Care for Latin Americans and Hispanic Americans When learning to counsel Latin/Hispanic Americans it is important to know a few facts about their culture and rates of mental illness. There are a few cultural bonds shared be Latin/Hispanic Americans. One of the biggest bonds is the Spanish language. The Spanish language and culture are common bonds for many Hispanic Americans, regardless of whether they trace their ancestry to Africa, Asia, Europe, or the Americas. The immigrant experience is another common bond. Nevertheless, Hispanic Americans are very heterogeneous in the circumstances of their migration and in other characteristics. To understand their mental health needs, it is important to examine both the shared and unique experiences of different groups of Hispanic Americans. One of the most distinguishing characteristics of the Hispanic/ Latin American population is its rapid growth. In the 2000 census the number of Hispanics counted rose to 35. 3 million, roughly equal to the number of African Americans (U. S. Census Bureau, 2001a). In fact, census projections indicate that by 2050, the number of Latinos will increase to 97 million; this number will constitute nearly one-fourth of the U. S. population. Projections for the proportion of Hispanic youth are even higher. It is predicted that nearly one-third of those under 19 years of age will be Hispanic by 2050 (Spencer & Hollmann, 1998). Persons of Mexican origin comprise the largest proportion of Latinos (almost two-thirds), with the remaining third distributed primarily among persons of Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Central American origin, (U.S. Census Bureau, 2001b). It is noteworthy that nearly two-thirds of Hispanics (64 %) were born in the United States (U. S. Census Bureau, 2000c). Another common bond is migration or immigration. Puerto Ricans began arriving in large numbers on the U. S. mainland after World War II as Puerto Rico’s population increased. High unemployment among displaced agricultural workers on the island also led to large-scale emigration to the mainland United States that continued through the 1950s and 1960s. In the 1980s, the migration pattern became more circular as many Puerto Ricans chose to return to the island. One distinctive characteristic of Puerto Rican migration is that the second Organic Act, or Jones Act, of 1917 granted Puerto Ricans U. S. citizenship. Although Cubans came to the United States in the second half of the 19th century and in the early part of the 20th century, the greatest influx of Cuban immigrants began after Fidel Castro overthrew the Fulgencio Batista government in 1959. First, an elite group of Cubans came, but immigration continued with people making the dangerous crossing to the United States by makeshift watercraft (Bernal & Shapiro, 1996). Some of these immigrants, such as the educated professionals who came to the United States during the early phase of Cuban migration, have become well established, where-as others who arrived with few economic resources are less so. Unlike immigrants from several other countries, many Cubans have gained access to citizenship and federal support through their status as political refugees. Central Americans are the newest Latino subgroup in the United States. Many Central Americans fled their countries â€Å"por la situacion†, a phrase that refers to the political terror and atrocities in their homelands. Although the specific social, historical, and political contexts differ in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua, conflicts in those countries led to a significant immigration of their citizens. About 21 percent of foreign-born Central Americans arrived in the United States between 1970 and 1979, and the bulk (about 70 %) arrived between 1980 and 1990 (Farias, 1994). The circumstances that caused various Hispanic groups to migrate greatly influence their experience in the United States. Cubans fled a Communist government, and, as a result, the U. S. Government has provided support through refugee or entrant status, work permits (Gil & Vega, 1996), and citizenship. More than half (51 %) of Cuban immigrants have become U. S. citizens, compared to only 15 percent of Mexican immigrants (U. S. Census Bureau, 1998). Puerto Ricans, whether born on the mainland or in Puerto Rico, are by definition U. S. citizens and, as a result, have access to government-sponsored support services. However many Central American immigrants are not recognized as political refugees, despite the fact that the war-related trauma and terror that preceded their immigration may place them at high risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and may make adjustment to their new home more difficult. Many Latinos who arrive without proper documentation have difficulty obtaining jobs or advancing in them and live with the chronic fear of deportation. Finally, many Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Central Americans, and recent Cuban immigrants come as unskilled laborers or displaced agricultural workers who lack the social and economic resources to ease their adjustment. Hispanics are highly concentrated in the U. S. Southwest In 2000, 60 percent lived in five Southwestern States (California, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Texas). Approximately half of all Hispanic Americans live in two States, California and Texas (U. S. Census Bureau, 2001b). While many Southwestern Latinos are recent immigrants, others are descendants of Mexican and Spanish settlers who lived in the territory before it belonged to the United States. Some of these descendants, particularly those in New Mexico and Colorado, refer to themselves as â€Å"Hispanos. † More recent immigrants from Mexico and Central America are drawn to the Southwest because of its proximity to their home countries, its employment opportunities, and its established Latino communities, which can help them, find jobs. Outside the Southwest, New York, Florida, and Illinois are home to the largest concentrations of Hispanics. New York has 8. 1 percent, Florida, 7. 6 percent, and Illinois, 4. 3 percent of all the Latinos estimated to reside in the United States in 2000 (U. S. Census Bureau, 2001b). Two-thirds of Puerto Ricans on the mainland live in New York and New Jersey, and two-thirds of Cuban Americans live in Florida (Population Reference Bureau, 2000). Although specific subgroups of Latinos are associated with specific geographical regions, important demographic shifts have resulted in the increased visibility of Latinos throughout the United States. From 1990 to 2000, Latinos more than doubled in number in the following six states: Arkansas (170 %), Nevada (145 %), North Carolina (129 %), Georgia (120 %), Nebraska (108 %), and Tennessee (105 %) (U. S. Census Bureau, 2000c). Of the six States, Nevada is the only one located in a region with traditionally high concentrations of Latinos. Thus, in addition to growing in numbers, Hispanic Americans are spreading throughout the United States. Latinos are often referred to as family oriented (Sabogal et al. , 1987). It is important to note that familism is as much a reflection of social processes as of cultural practice (Lopez & Guarnaccia, 2000). Specifically, the shared experience of immigrating to a new land or of experiencing difficult social conditions in one’s homeland can promote adherence to family ties. In many cases, family connections facilitate survival and adjustment. The importance of family can be seen in Hispanic living arrangements. Although family characteristics vary by Latino subgroups, as a whole, Latinos, like Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, are most likely to live in family households and least likely to live alone. In addition, children (especially the females) tend to remain in the family until they marry Overall, Hispanics have less formal education than the national average. Of Latinos over 25 years of age, only 56 percent have graduated from high school, and only 11 percent have graduated from college. Nationally, 83 percent and 25 percent of the same age group have graduated from high school and college respectively (U. S. Census Bureau, 2000b). Hispanics’ educational attainment is related to their place of birth. In 1999, only 44 percent of foreign-born Hispanic adults 25 years and older were high school graduates, compared to 70 percent of U. S. -born Hispanic adults (U. S. Census Bureau, 2000b). The dropout rate for foreign-born Hispanics ages 16 to 24 is more than twice the dropout rate for U. S. -born Hispanics in the same age range (Kaufman et al. , 1999). A recent study of middle school Latino students questions why foreign-born adolescents and adults have the worst educational outcomes (C. Suarez-Orozco & M. Suarez-Orozco, 1995). The study concluded that recent immigrants from Mexico and El Salvador had at least the same, or in some cases greater motivation to achieve than white or U. S. -born Mexican American students. The educational achievement of three of the main Hispanic subgroups reveals further variability. Cubans have the highest percentage of formally educated people. Of persons over 25 years of age, 70 percent of Cuban Americans have graduated from high school, whereas 64 percent of Puerto Ricans and 50 percent of Mexican Americans have graduated from high school (U. S.Census Bureau, 2000d). Moreover, one-fourth of Cuban Americans have graduated from college, which is identical to the college graduation rate of Americans overall. In contrast, Puerto Rican and Mexican-origin adults have lower college graduation rates, 11 percent and 7 percent respectively. Although Latinos as a group have poorer educational outcomes than other ethnic groups, there is sufficient variability to offer hope for them to catch up. Another shared area is income. The economic status of three of the main subgroups parallels their educational status. Cuban Americans are more affluent in standing than Puerto Ricans and Mexican Americans, as reflected in median family incomes (Cubans, $39,530; Puerto Ricans, $28,953; Mexicans, $27,883), the percentage of persons below the poverty line (Puerto Ricans, 31 %; Mexicans, 27 %; Cubans, 14 %) and the unemployment rates of persons 16 years and older (Puerto Ricans, 7 %; Mexicans, 7 %; Cubans, 5 %) (U. S. Census Bureau, 2000d). The current income levels of the Latino subgroups are also related to the political and historical circumstances of their immigration. Elite Cuban immigrants have contributed in part to the relatively strong economic status of Cuban Americans. Their experience, however, stands in stark contrast to that of Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Central Americans, most of who came to the United States as unskilled laborers. Historical and Sociocultural Factors That Relate to Mental Health Historical and sociocultural factors suggest that, as a group, Latinos are in great need of mental health services. Latinos, on average, have relatively low educational and economic status. In addition, historical and social subgroup differences create differential needs within Latino groups. Central Americans may be in particular need of mental health services given the trauma experienced in their home countries. Puerto Rican and Mexican American children and adults may be at a higher risk than Cuban Americans for mental health problems, given their lower educational and economic resources. Recent immigrants of all backgrounds, who are adapting to the United States, are likely to experience a different set of stressors than long-term Hispanic residents. Key Issues for Understanding the Research Much of our current understanding of the mental health status of Latinos, particularly among adult populations, is derived from epidemiological studies of prevalence rates of mental disorders, diagnostic entities established by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). The advantage of focusing on rates of disorders is that such findings can be compared with and contrasted to findings from studies in other domains (e. g. , clinical studies) using the same diagnostic criteria. Although there are several advantages to examining DSM-based clinical data, there are at least three disadvantages. One limitation is that individuals may experience considerable distress-a level of distress that disrupts their daily functioning-but the symptoms associated with the distress fall short of a given diagnostic threshold. So, if only disorder criteria are used, some individuals’ need for mental health care may not be recognized. A second disadvantage is that the current definitions of the diagnostic entities have little flexibility to take into account culturally patterned forms of distress and disorder. As a result, disorders in need of treatment may not be recognized or may be mislabeled. A third limitation is that most of the epidemiological studies using the disorder-based definitions are conducted in community household surveys. They fail to include nonhousehold members, such as persons without homes or those who reside in institutions. Because of these limitations, it is important to broaden the review of research on mental health needs to include not only studies that report on disorders but include high-need populations not usually included in household-based surveys. Mental Disorders Adults A study found that Mexican Americans and white Americans had very similar rates of psychiatric disorders (Robins & Regier, 1991). However, when the Mexican American group was separated into two sub-groups, those born in Mexico and those born in the United States, it was found that those born in the United States had higher rates of depression and phobias than those born in Mexico (Burnam et al. , 1987). The study found that relative to whites, Mexican Americans had fewer lifetime disorders overall and fewer anxiety and substance use disorders. Like some other findings, Mexican Americans born outside the United States were found to have lower prevalence rates of any lifetime disorders than Mexican Americans born in the United States. Relative to whites, the lifetime prevalence rates did not differ for Puerto Ricans, or for â€Å"Other Hispanics. † However, the sample sizes of the latter two subgroups were quite small, thus limiting the statistical power to detect group differences (Ortega et al. , 2000). A third study examined rates of psychiatric disorders in a large sample of Mexican Americans residing in Fresno County, California (Vega et al. , 1998). This study found that the lifetime rates of mental disorders among Mexican American immigrants born in Mexico were remarkably lower than the rates of mental disorders among Mexican Americans born in the United States. Overall, approximately 25 percent of the Mexican immigrants had some disorder (including both mental disorders and substance abuse), whereas 48 percent of the U. S. -born Mexican Americans had a disorder (Vega et al. , 1998). Furthermore, the length of time that these Latinos had spent in the United States appeared to be an important factor in the development of mental disorders. Immigrants who had lived in the United States for at least 13 years had higher prevalence rates of disorders than those who had lived in the United States fewer than 13 years (Vega et al. , 1998). It is interesting to note that the mental disorder prevalence rates of U. S. -born Mexican Americans closely resembled the rates among the general U.S. population. In contrast, the Mexican-born Fresno residents’ lower prevalence rates were similar to those found in a Mexico City study (e. g. , for any affective disorder: Fresno, 8 %, Mexico City, 9 %) (Caraveo-Anduaga et al. , 1999). Together, the results from the ECA, the NCS, and the Fresno studies suggest that Mexican-born Latinos have better mental health than do U. S. -born Mexican Americans and the national sample overall. A similar pattern has been found in other sets of studies. One study examined the mental health of Mexicans and Mexican Americans who were seen in family practice settings in two towns equidistant from the Mexican border (Hoppe et al. , 1991). This investigation found that 8 percent of the Mexican American participants had experienced a lifetime episode of depression, whereas only 4 percent of Mexican participants had experienced depression. The most striking finding from the set of adult epidemiological studies using diagnostic measures is that Mexican immigrants, Mexican immigrants who lived fewer than 13 years in the United States, or Puerto. Ricans who resided on the island of Puerto Rico had lower prevalence rates of depression and other disorders than did Mexican Americans who were born in the United States, Mexican immigrants who lived in the United States 13 years or more, or Puerto Ricans who lived on the mainland. This consistent pattern of findings across independent investigators, different sites, and two Latino subgroups (Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans) suggests that factors associated with living in the United States are related to an increased risk of mental disorders. Some authors have interpreted these findings as suggesting that acculturation may lead to an increased risk of mental disorders e. g. , Vega et al. , 1998. The limitation of this explanation is that none of the noted epidemiological studies directly tested whether acculturation and prevalence rates are indeed related. At best, place of birth and numbers of years living in the United States are proxy measures of acculturation. However, acculturation is a complex process (LaFromboise et al. , 1993); it is not clear what aspect or aspects of acculturation could be related to higher rates of disorders. Is it the changing cultural values and practices, the stressors associated with such changes, or negative encounters with American institutions (e. g. , schools or employers) that cause some of the different prevalence rates (Betancourt & Lopez, 1993)? Before acculturation can be accepted as an explanation for this observed pattern of findings, it is important that direct tests of specific acculturation processes be carried out and that alternative explanations for these findings be ruled out. More research would be especially helpful in identifying the key predictors of Latinos’ mental health and mental illness. Older Adults Few studies have examined the mental health status of older Hispanic American adults. A study of 703 Los Angeles area Hispanics age 60 or above found over 26 percent had major depression or dysphoria. Depression was related to physical health; only 5. 5 percent of those without physical health complications reported depression (Kemp et al. , 1987). Similar findings associated chronic health conditions and disability with depressive symptoms in a sample of 2,823 older community-dwelling Mexican Americans (Black et al. , 1998). The findings from in-home interviews of 2,723 Mexican Americans age 65 or older in Southwestern communities revealed a relationship between low blood pressure and higher levels of depressive symptomatology (Stroup-Benham et al. , 2000). These data are somewhat difficult to interpret. Given the fact that somatic symptoms (e. g. , difficulty sleeping and loss of appetite) are related to poor health, these studies could simply document that these somatic symptoms are elevated among older Hispanics who are ill. On the other hand, presence of physical illness is also related to depression. Taken together, these findings indicate that older Latin/Hispanics who have health problems may be at risk for depression. Furthermore, a recent study suggests that the risk for Alzheimer’s disease may be higher among Latin/Hispanic Americans than among white Americans (Tang et al. , 1998). Symptoms The early epidemiological studies of Latinos/Hispanics examined the number of symptoms, not the number of mental disorders, reported by groups of Latin/ Hispanic Americans, and in some cases compared them to the number of symptoms reported by white Americans. Much of this research found that Latinos/Hispanics had higher rates of depression or distress than whites Frerichs et al. , 1981. In a large-scale study of Latin/ Hispanics Americans, Cuban Americans (Narrow et al. , 1990) and Mexican Americans (Moscicki et al. , 1989) were found to have lower rates of depressive symptoms than Puerto Ricans from the New York City metropolitan area Moscicki et al. , 1987; Potter et al. , 1995. In another line of inquiry, Latin/Hispanic American mothers who have children with mental retardation were found to report high levels of depressive symptomatology. It is important to note that measures of symptoms may reflect actual disorders that may not be measured in a given study, as well as general distress associated with social stressors but not necessarily associated with disorders. Two studies provide evidence that depressive symptom indices used with Latinos tend to measure distress more than disorder. In one study, rates of depressive symptoms were found to be similar among poor Puerto Ricans living in New York City and in Puerto Rico (Vera et al. , 1991), even though earlier analyses indicated different rates of major depression for the two samples Canino et al., 1987; Moscicki et al. , 1987. In the second study, symptoms of depression were less related to diagnosis of depression for those Hispanics who were economically disadvantaged than for those Hispanics more socially advantaged (Cho et al. , 1993). If an index of depressive symptoms were an indicator of both general distress and disorder, then that index would have been related to a diagnosis of depression for both economically advantaged and disadvantaged samples. Culture-Bound Syndromes DSM-IV recognizes the existence of culturally related syndromes, referred to in the appendix of DSM as culture-bound syndromes. Relevant examples of these syndromes for Latin/Hispanic Americans are â€Å"susto† (fright), â€Å"nervios† (nerves), and â€Å"mal de ojo† (evil eye). One expression of distress that is most commonly associated with Caribbean Latinos but has been recognized in other Latinos as well is â€Å"ataques de nervios† (Guarnaccia et al. , 1989). Symptoms of an ataque de nervios include screaming uncontrollably, crying, trembling, and verbal or physical aggression. Dissociative experiences, seizure-like or fainting episodes, and suicidal gestures are also prominent in some ataques. In one study carried out in Puerto Rico, researchers found that 14 percent of the population reported having had ataques (Guarnaccia et al. , 1993). Furthermore, in detailed interviews of 121 individuals living in Puerto Rico (78 of who had had an ataque), experiencing these symptoms was related to major life problems and subsequent psychological suffering (Guarnaccia et al. , 1996). There is value in identifying specific culture-bound syndromes such as ataques de nervios because it is critical to recognize the existence of conceptions of distress and illness outside traditional psychiatric classification systems. These are often referred to as popular, lay, or common sense conceptions of illness or illness behavior (Koss-Chioino & Canive, 1993). Some of these popular conceptions may have what appear to be definable boundaries, while others are more fluid and cut across a wide range of symptom clusters. For example, many people of Mexican origin apply the more general concept of nervios to distress that is not associated with DSM disorders, as well as to distress that is associated with anxiety disorders, depressive disorders (Salgado de Snyder et al., 2000), and schizophrenia (Jenkins, 1988). Though it is valuable for researchers and clinicians alike to learn about specific culture-bound syndromes, it is more important that they assess variable local representations of illness and distress. The latter approach casts a wider net around understanding the role of culture in illness and distress. In the following quote, Koss-Chioino (1992) (page 198) points out that a given presenting problem can have multiple levels of interpretation: the mental health view, the folk healing view (in this case, spiritist), and the patient’s view. The same woman, during one episode of illness, may experience â€Å"depression† in terms of hallucinations, poor or excessive appetite, memory problems, and feelings of sadness or depression, if she presents to a mental health clinic; or, alternatively, in terms of â€Å"backaches,† â€Å"leg aches,† and â€Å"fear,† if she attends a Spiritist session. However, she will probably experience headaches, sleep disturbances, and nervousness regardless of the resource she uses. If we encounter her at the mental health clinic, she may explain her distress as due to disordered or out-of-control mind, behavior, or lifestyle. In the Spiritist session she will probably have her distress explained as an â€Å"obsession. † And if we encounter her before she seeks help from either of these treatment resources, she may describe her problems as due to difficulties with her husband or children. Individuals with Alcohol and Drug Problems Studies have consistently shown that rates of substance abuse are linked with rates of mental disorders (Kessler et al. , 1996). Most studies of alcohol use among Hispanics indicate that rates of use are either similar to or slightly below those of whites (Kessler et al. , 1994). However, two factors influence these rates. First, gender differences in rates of Latinos’ use are often greater than the gender differences observed between whites. Latinas are particularly unlikely to use alcohol or drugs (Gilbert, 1987). In some cases, Latino men are more likely to use substances than white men. For example, in the Los Angeles ECA study, Mexican American men (31 %) had significantly higher rates of alcohol abuse and dependence than non-Hispanic white men (21 %). In addition, more alcohol-related problems have been found among Mexican American men than among white men (Cunradi et al., 1999). A second factor associated with Latinos’ rates of substance abuse is place of birth. In the Fresno study (Vega et al. , 1998), rates of substance abuse were much higher among U. S. -born Mexican Americans compared to Mexican immigrants. Specifically, substance abuse rates were seven times higher among U. S. -born women compared to immigrant women. For men, the ratio was 2 to 1. U. S. -born Mexican American youth also had higher rates of substance abuse than Mexican-born youth (Swanson et al. , 1992). The study of mental disorders and substance abuse among Latinos suggests two specific types of strengths that Latinos may have. First, as noted, Latino adults who are immigrants have lower prevalence rates of mental disorders than those born in the United States. Among the competing explanations of these findings is that Latino immigrants may be particularly resilient in the face of the hardships they encounter in settling in a new country. If this is the case, then the identification of what these immigrants do to reduce the likelihood of mental disorders could be of value for all Americans. One of many possible factors that might contribute to their resilience is what Suarez-Orozco and Suarez-Orozco (1995) refer to as a â€Å"dual frame of reference. † Investigators found that Latino immigrants in middle-school frequently used their families back home as reference points in assessing their lives in the United States. Given that the social and economic conditions are often much worse in their homelands than in the United States, they may experience less distress in handling the stressors of their daily lives than those who lack such a basis of comparison. U. S. -born Latinos are more likely to compare themselves with their peers in the United States. Suarez-Orozco and Suarez-Orozco argue that these Latino children are more aware of what they do not have and thus may experience more distress. A second factor noted by the Suarez-Orozcos that might be related to the resilience of Latino immigrants is their high aspiration to succeed. Particularly noteworthy is that many Latinos want to succeed in order to help their families, rather than for their own personal benefit. Because the Suarez-Orozcos did not include measures of mental health, it is not certain whether their observations about school achievement apply to mental health. Nevertheless, a dual frame of reference and collective achievement goals are part of a complex set of psychological, cultural, and social factors that may explain why some Latino immigrants function better than Latinos of later generations. A second type of strength noted in the literature is how Latino families cope with mental illness. Guarnaccia and colleagues (1992) found that some families draw on their spirituality to cope with a relative’s serious mental illness. Strong beliefs in God give some family members a sense of hope. For example, in reference to her brother’s mental illness, one of the informants commented: We all have an invisible doctor that we do not see, no? This doctor is God. Always when we go in search of a medicine, we go to a doctor, but we must keep in mind that this doctor is inspired by God and that he will give us something that will help us. We must also keep in mind that who really does the curing is God, and that God can cure us of anything that we have, material or spiritual. (p. 206) Jenkins (1988) found that many Mexican Americans attributed their relatives’ schizophrenia to nervios, a combination of both physical and emotional ailments. An important point here is that nervios implies that the patient is not blameworthy, and thus family members are less likely to be critical. Previous studies from largely non-Hispanic samples have found that both family criticism and family blame and criticism together (Lopez et al., 1999) are associated with relapse in patients with schizophrenia. Mexican American families living with a relative who has schizophrenia are not only less likely to be critical, but also those who are Spanish-speaking immigrants have been found to be high in warmth. This is important because those patients who returned from a hospital stay to a family high in warmth were less likely to relapse than those who returned to families low in warmth. Thus, Mexican American families’ warmth may help protect the relative with schizophrenia from relapse. The spirituality of Latino families, their conceptions of mental illness and their warmth all contribute to the support they give in coping with serious mental illness. Although limited, the attention given to Latinos’ possible strengths is an important contribution to the study of Latino mental health. Strengths are protective factors against distress and disorder and can be used to develop interventions to prevent mental disorders and to promote well-being. Such interventions could be used to inform interventions for all Americans, not just Latinos. In addition, redirecting attention to strengths helps point out the overemphasis researchers and practitioners give to pathology, clinical entities, and treatment, rather than to health, well-being, and prevention. Availability of Mental Health Services Finding mental health treatment from Spanish-speaking providers is likely to be a problem for many Spanish-speaking Hispanics. In the 1990 census, about 40 percent of Latinos reported that they either didn’t speak English or didn’t speak English well. Thus, a significant proportion of Latinos need. Spanish-speaking mental health care providers. Presently there are no national data to indicate the language skills of the Nation’s mental health professionals. However, a few studies reveal that there are few Spanish-speaking and Latino providers. One survey of 1,507 school psychologists who carry out psychoeducational assessments of bilingual children in the eight States with the highest percentages of Latinos found that 43 percent of the psychologists identified themselves as English-speaking monolinguals (Ochoa et al. , 1996). In other words, a large number of Engli.